What is an oncologist?

An oncologist is a specialist doctor who has training to diagnose and treat cancer. Oncologists diagnose and treat different types of cancer in different parts of the body.

Oncologists work in public and private hospitals and clinics. Some oncologists are involved in cancer research.

An oncologist has completed several years of specialist training after becoming a doctor.

There are different types of oncologists:

• Medical oncologists use medicines to treat cancer, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy.
• Surgical oncologists remove tumours and take tissue samples (biopsies) from the body to be sent for testing.
• Radiation oncologists use radiation therapy (radiotherapy) to treat cancer.

These different types of oncologists often work together as a team to diagnose, treat and care for people with cancer.

Oncologists can specialise in certain types of cancers, such as breast cancer or skin cancers. Some oncologists work mainly with children (paediatric oncologists).

When do I see an oncologist?

Your doctor may give you a referral to see an oncologist if:

• you have been diagnosed with cancer
• your doctor thinks you might have cancer

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.

What should I expect during a first appointment with an oncologist?

Your oncologist will ask about your symptoms and examine you.

They may also ask about your:

• medical history
• family history
• lifestyle

Your oncologist may organise tests to help make a diagnosis, such as:

• blood tests
• a biopsy
• imaging tests and scans

You might need to wait for test results before you can discuss a treatment plan. When you have agreed on a care plan, you can start your treatment.

What questions should I ask an oncologist?

It is important to ask questions, especially if you don't understand what the doctor is saying, or you need more information.

Some of the questions you may want to ask your oncologist are:

• What type of cancer do I have?
• What is the best treatment for my cancer?
• What are the risks and benefits of treatment?
• What are the side effects of treatment?
• Are there any alternatives to this treatment?
• What ongoing follow-up care will I need?
• What is the chance of a full recovery?

You may also want to know:

• What is the aim of treatment — is it to cure the cancer, treat symptoms or stop the cancer spreading?
• What is the cost of treatment?
• Are there any clinical trials I can take part in?
• Will treatment affect my fertility (ability to have a baby)?

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use the Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.

How much will it cost to see an oncologist?

You can see an oncologist at a public hospital clinic or regional cancer centre. These services are covered by Medicare, so you don't need to pay anything.

It can be expensive to see private specialists. Ask about the costs when you book your appointment. You should ask what costs Medicare will cover. If you plan to use private health insurance, contact your health fund to find out what costs they will cover.

How do I find an oncologist

Ask your doctor, close friends or family to recommend a good oncologist.

You can also use healthdirect's Service Finder.

Do I need a referral to see an oncologist?

It's important to get a referral from your GP to see an oncologist in a public or private clinic.

Your GP will write a referral letter, describing your condition and the results of any tests you have had. After you see the oncologist, they will update your GP about any further tests results and treatments they recommend.

Oncologists also treat people with cancer admitted to hospital via the emergency department.

Resources and support

Cancer Council Australia has information and support for people living with cancer — call 13 11 20.

You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.