What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis is an early form of gum disease. It occurs when plaque builds up on your teeth along the gum line.

When plaque builds up it can irritate your gums and may cause them to bleed and swell.

Gingivitis is common — about 1 in 5 Australians has gingivitis.

What symptoms are related to gingivitis?

Bleeding gums is a common sign of gingivitis, along with:

• gum tenderness
• redness
• swelling or puffiness

You will probably not get pain with gingivitis.

What causes gingivitis?

Gingivitis is caused by bacteria in the plaque on your teeth irritating your gums. Plaque can build up if you do not brush your teeth correctly or look after your oral health.

Sometimes the plaque becomes hard and is called calculus or tartar. If this happens, you will need to see a dentist or dental practitioner to have it removed.

If you have an existing health condition, such as diabetes you are more likely to develop gingivitis.

How is the cause of gingivitis diagnosed?

Your dentist or dental practitioner will examine your mouth with an instrument to measure the spaces between your teeth and gums. This shows how healthy your gums and teeth are.

When should I see my dentist or dental practitioner?

You should see your dentist or dental practitioner if you notice signs of gingivitis, such as swollen or bleeding gums, or continuing bad breath. If you have gingivitis, the earlier you treat it, the better.

How is gingivitis treated?

Gingivitis is treated by removing any plaque from your teeth. You can normally reverse gingivitis because it does not cause damage to your teeth or bone.

Calculus (hard plaque) will need to be removed professionally by a dentist or dental practitioner.

Self-care at home

At home you will need to brush your teeth twice a day with a soft toothbrush and a toothpaste containing fluoride. You should also floss twice a day. This gets rid of the plaque and bacteria that cause gingivitis.

Brushing your teeth correctly is important, and your dentist or dental practitioner will tell you the best way to do this.

How can gingivitis be prevented?

Taking care of your mouth helps prevent gingivitis. Even if your gums are bleeding and inflamed, it’s important to keep brushing your teeth gently to reverse the condition.

You can also improve the health of your mouth by:

• eating a healthy balanced diet
• avoiding sugary and fatty foods
• drinking water containing fluoride
• stopping smoking or vaping
• taking care of your dentures

Complications of gingivitis?

Without treatment, gingivitis can get worse and develop into a more serious form of gum disease called periodontitis. This can cause serious problems such as abscesses, loose teeth, receding gums and tooth loss. Periodontitis can be irreversible.

Symptoms of periodontitis include:

• swollen, red gums
• bleeding gums
• receding gums
• bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth
• loose teeth
• new spaces between your teeth
• tender teeth, especially when you bite

See your dentist or dental practitioner if you have any of the symptoms of periodontitis.

Resources and support

Find out more about looking after your teeth on the Teeth.org.au website.

You can also call the healthdirect helpline for advice on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.