Calcium

Calcium strengthens bones, helps prevent osteoporosis and more. Find out how much you need for your age and how to find good sources of calcium.

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Dairy foods

Dairy foods such as milk, yoghurt and cheese are rich sources of many vitamins and minerals, including calcium, which is essential to bone health.

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Parathyroidectomy

Parathyroid glands can become overactive, causing an increase in the level of calcium in your blood. Surgery to remove any affected glands is the only reliable way to prevent long-term problems.

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Parathyroid glands

Your parathyroid glands are small glands that are found in your neck and make parathyroid hormone (PTH). Find out more about PTH here.

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Healthy bones

From your 40s onwards, bones gradually lose their density. Follow these steps to help keep your bones healthy and avoid osteoporosis.

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Calcium blood test

A calcium test indicates how much calcium is in your blood. Find out how this test helps doctors diagnose or monitor and treat your illness.

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Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

Find out what the most common types of calcium channel blockers are used for, how they work and any side effects associated with taking them.

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Osteoporosis medicines

Osteoporosis medicines include bisphosphonates, denosumab and hormonal treatments. Calcium, vitamin D and exercise are also important.

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Blood pressure medication

Blood pressure medicines ('antihypertensives'), such as ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and diuretics help manage high blood pressure.

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Rickets

Rickets is a bone disease that can affect children with lack of vitamin D. Find out about the symptoms and treatments for rickets.

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Lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, or milk sugar. Learn more about treatment, symptoms and tests for lactose intolerance.

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Osteopaenia

If you have osteopaenia, your bones are weaker than normal. Osteopaenia is less severe than osteoporosis but you need to take care if you're at risk.

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Vegetarian and vegan diets

It's easy to be healthy on a vegetarian diet if you include plant-based foods from the 5 food groups. But a vegan diet requires extra care.

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How to build the perfect kids' lunch box

Children consume about 30% of their food at school, so a healthy lunch is important for good nutrition. Preparing the perfect lunch box is easier than you might think.

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Blood tests A-Z

From the fasting blood glucose test to the prostate (PSA) test, there are many kinds of blood tests. Browse the index and learn how to prepare for your test.

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A balanced diet

It’s important to eat a balanced diet. Make sure you choose foods from the 5 food groups. The amounts you need vary depending on your life stage.

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Healthy eating over 60

As your body changes over time, so do your nutritional needs. Here's how to get enough fibre, vitamins, minerals and more in your diet as you age.

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Vitamins and minerals explained

Vitamins and minerals are necessary for the healthy functioning of our bodies. A balanced diet with a variety of foods will meet most of your needs.

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Thyroidectomy

A thyroidectomy is the removal of part or all of your thyroid gland. It’s used to treat an enlarged or overactive thyroid gland or thyroid cancer.

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Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

ACE inhibitors and ARBs are commonly taken for hypertension. They work by relaxing your blood vessels. You shouldn’t take ACE inhibitors and ARBs together.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition that affects your bones, causing them to become weak and fragile. Learn about its treatment, management and prevention.

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Post menopause

Post-menopause begins 12 months after your last period. Learn more about what to expect after menopause and health conditions that become more common.

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Vitamin D and your health

Vitamin D is important for our health. Read about sources of vitamin D – sunlight and foods – and what happens if we don’t get enough vitamin D.

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Paget's disease of bone

Paget's disease is a condition that weakens and deforms your bones. Read more information about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

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Kidney stones

Kidney stones are also known as urolithiasis. This is a common problem of the urinary system. Find out more about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

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Bones, muscles and joints

Bones, muscles and joints make up the musculoskeletal system. Learn more about their function as well as conditions and injuries that affect them.

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Allergic reactions to cow's milk

Allergic reactions to cow’s milk are very common. It is seen in about 1 in 50 infants. Learn more here about allergy to milk proteins.

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Dietary supplements

Dietary supplements are also called food supplements or vitamins, and may fill any nutritional gaps in your diet. But most people don't need them.

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Endocrine glands and their hormones

Find out more about the endocrine glands and hormones in your body, such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

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Foods high in iron

The best sources of iron are animal-based foods like meat and eggs (called 'haem iron'), but many plant-based foods also contain (non-haem) iron.

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