What is thrush?

Thrush is an infection with a yeast-like fungus. The fungus, called candida, occurs naturally in warm, moist areas in your body, such as your mouth and genital area. Thrush occurs when there is an overgrowth of candida. It is also known as a yeast infection or ‘jock itch’.

Learn about vaginal thrush in females.

Learn more about male groin conditions.

What are the symptoms of thrush in males?

The most common symptoms are:

• a red rash on your genitals, mainly under the foreskin, which may be itchy
• discomfort or irritation at the tip of the penis
• pain or discomfort when you pass urine or have sex
• swelling of foreskin — if severe
• cracks or splits in the foreskin

You may also have thrush infection without experiencing any symptoms.

What causes genital thrush in males?

Having a have a small amount of candida in your body is normal. It usually doesn’t cause any problems. Candida lives in warm, moist places such as the mouth, bowel, vagina and the foreskin of the penis.

Normally, your body stops candida overgrowth naturally. Some conditions interfere with your body’s balance of flora (bacteria and fungi that keep your body healthy), including:

• taking antibiotics
• some health conditions, such as poorly-controlled diabetes
• stress

Candida is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but can be transmitted to the penis by a sexual partner.

When should I see my doctor?

You should see your doctor if you experience symptoms of thrush.

If treatment isn’t effective, or you get thrush frequently, you should return to your doctor. You may have other health problems or a drug-resistant type of candida.

How is genital thrush in males diagnosed?

Your doctor can diagnose thrush by examining your genitals. Usually, the diagnosis is made based on your symptoms and physical examination. Sometimes, your doctor may take a swab to confirm the diagnosis.

Your doctor may also test for sexually transmissible infections, which can cause similar symptoms.

How is genital thrush treated?

Your doctor or pharmacist may recommend an anti-fungal medicine or steroid medicine to relieve your symptoms. Apply the cream to your genital area as prescribed, including the penis and under the foreskin if you are uncircumcised.

Remember that antifungal creams can damage latex barrier contraception, such as condoms and diaphragms.

Can genital thrush be prevented?

Thrush may occur for no obvious reason, but there are things you can do to help prevent it:

• Wash your hands after using the bathroom.
• Use condoms, dental dams and water-based lubricant when having sex.
• Wear loose and cotton underwear and avoid tight or synthetic clothes.

Avoid using hygiene products or local irritants near your genitals, such as soap, bath oil and body wash. They can disrupt the natural balance of yeast and other organisms on your skin.

Resources and support

Speak to your doctor. If you need to find a GP or health service, use the healthdirect Service Finder.

You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Healthy Male offers advice on thrush in males.